The history of Afro-Hispanic language

A major research paradigm is the historical reconstruction of contributions of the African diaspora to the formation of Spanish, and to the language used by Africans and their descendents in Spain and Spanish America from the 15^th century to the early 20^th century. This work is based on extensive historical reconstruction and comparison with existing Spanish- and Portuguese-derived creole languages, and is summarized in the 2005 book A history of Afro-Hispanic language: five centuries and five continents.

Representative publications:

 Book:

• A history of Afro-Hispanic language contact: 5 centuries and 5 continents. Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Articles:

• La contribución africana a las variedades americanas del español. In E. M. Eckkrammer (ed.), Manual del español en América. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2021, pp. 359-371.
• [With Graciela Maglia]. Transacciones discursivas, economía simbólica y cocinas de la Afromemoria en la Plaza de Mercado de Cali. Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies, 3(1), 2019, 53-80
• La parlata afro-italiana e le sue rappresentazioni letterarie nei testi rinascimentali. In Giafranco Salvatore (ed.), Il chiaro e lo scuro. Gli africani nell'Europa del Rinascimento tra realtà e rappresentazione. Lecce: Argo, 2021. pp. 91-113.
• A historical perspective of Afro-Portuguese and Afro-Spanish varieties in the Iberian Peninsula. Portuguese/Spanish interfaces: diachrony, synchrony, and contact, ed. Patrícia Amaral and Ana Maria Carvalho. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2014, pp. 359-376.
• La reconstrucción de los primeros contactos lingüísticos afrohispánicos: la importancia de las comunidades de habla contemporáneas. Dinâmicas Afro-Latinas, ed. Juanito Ornelas de Avelar and Laura Álvarez López. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2015, pp. 93-125.
• Os primeiros contatos afro-portugueses: implicações para a expansão da língua. O português em contato, ed. Ana Maria Carvalho. Frankfurt and Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana, 2009, pp. 11-30.
• Angola e Brasil: vínculos lingüísticos afrolusitanos. Veredas v. 9 (2008), 83-98.
• When and how does bozal Spanish survive?  Spanish in contact: policy, social and linguistic inquiries, ed. Kim Potowski and Richard Cameron. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2007, pp. 359-375.

• From bozal to boricua: implications of Afro Puerto Rican language in literature. Hispania 82 (2001), 850-859.
• Bozal Spanish: restructuring or creolization?  Degrees of restructuring in creole languages, ed. Ingrid Neumann-Holzschuh and Edgar Schneider. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2000, pp. 55-83.
• El español bozal. América negra: panorámica actual de los estudios lingüísticos sobre variedades criollas y afrohispanas, ed. Matthias Perl and Armin Schwegler. Frankfurt: Vervuert, 1998, pp. 293-327.
• Literary Africanized Spanish as a research tool: dating consonantal reduction. Romance Philology 49 (1995), 130-167.
• Sobre el español bozal del Siglo de Oro: existencia y coexistencia. Scripta Philologica in honorem Juan M. Lope Blanch. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1992, vol. I, pp. 383-396
• Golden Age "black Spanish": existence and coexistence. Afro‑Hispanic Review 5:1‑2 (1986), 7‑12.
• Bozal Spanish: consistency and parallel structures. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 1 (1986), 171-204.