Spanish-Portuguese language mixing
Another current research
paradigm involves bilingual contacts between the highly cognate languages
Spanish in Portuguese, in a number of communities situated along the Brazilian
border in Spanish-speaking South American countries (Argentina, Bolivia,
Paraguay, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela). Although stable mixed varieties
have emerged in a few places, most notably northern Uruguay, a more common
scenario is the informal and spontaneous approximation to Portuguese by Spanish
speakers (and less frequently, approximations to Spanish by Portuguese
speakers). I have a current research project in Misiones province in
northeastern Argentina, where “Portuñol” varieties are spoken natively in
several communities where there is no sociolinguistic pressure to acquire
canonical varieties of Spanish or Portuguese. The resultant (often
unconsciously) mixed speech challenges accepted typologies of bilingual language
switching, and when compared with language mixing involving increasingly less
cognate language pairs (Spanish-Italian, Spanish-English), provides an
opportunity for more nuanced analysis of voluntary and involuntary language
mixing.
Map of communities studied
Students who have accompanied
me to Misiones to conduct fieldwork:
Johan de la Rosa
Robert Klosinski
Sonya Trawick
Colleagues who have accompanied me to Misiones to
conduct fieldwork:
Colleen Balukas
Mike Putnam
Representative publications:
-
Code-Switching
Knowledge as Heritage Grammar Attainment: A Case Study. Heritage Language
Journal, 18 (2021), 1-34.
-
Portuguese-Spanish contacts
in Misiones, Argentina: probing (for) code-switching constraints. In Luis
Ortiz-López, Rosa Guzzardo Tamargo, and Melvin González Rivera (eds.),
Hispanic contact linguistics: theoretical, methodological and empirical
perspectives, 235-259. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2020.
-
Field-testing codeswitching
constraints: a report on a strategic languages project.
Languages (2019), 4(1) doi.org/10.3390/languages4010007
-
La evolución de la interfaz
portugués-español en el noreste argentino. In D. Corbella & A. Fajardo
(eds.), Español y portugués en contacto: préstamos léxicos e
interferencia,. 391-412. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter (2018).
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Dialects of Spanish and
Portuguese. The handbook of dialectology, ed. Charles Boberg, John
Nerbonne, and Dominic Watt. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2017, pp. 498-509.
-
La interfaz
portugués-castellano en Misiones, Argentina:
zona de prueba para la alternancia de lenguas.
Estudios Filológicos 60 (2018), 169-190.
-
Portuguese or Portuñol? Language contact in Misiones, Argentina.
Journal
of Linguistic Geography 4 (2017), 47-64.
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Michael Putnam and John Lipski, Null arguments in transitional trilingual
grammars: field observations from Misionero German. Multilingua 35
(2016), 85-104.
-
Portuguese/portuñol in Misiones, Argentina: another Fronterizo? New
perspectives on Hispanic contact linguistics, ed. Sandro Sessarego and
Melvin González. Frankfurt and Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana, 2015, pp.
253-281.
-
Encontros fronteiriços
espanhol-português. Ideação v. 13, no. 2 (2011), pp. 83-100.
-
Searching for the origins of Uruguayan
Fronterizo dialects: radical code-mixing as “fluent dysfluency”
Journal of Portuguese Linguistics 8 (2009), 5-46.
-
“Fluent dysfluency” as congruent
lexicalization: a special case of radical code-mixing. Journal of
Language Contact 2 (2009), 1-39.
-
Spanish and Portuguese in contact.
Handbook of language contact, ed. Raymond Hickey. New York:
Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, pp. 550-580
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Um caso de contato de
fronteira: o sudoeste. Os contatos linguísticos no Brasil, ed.
Heliana Mello, Cléo Altenhofen, and Tommaso Raso. Belo Horizonte: Editora
UFMG, 2011pp. 349-368.
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Too close for comfort? the genesis of
“portuñol/portunhol”. Selected Proceedings of the 8th Hispanic
Linguistics Symposium, ed. Timothy L. Face and Carol A. Klee.
Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 2006, pp. 1-22.
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El español de América: los
contactos bilingües. Historia de la lengua española, ed. Rafael Cano.
Barcelona: Ariel, 2004., pp. 1117-1138.
-
El español de América y los
contactos bilingües recientes: apuntes microdialectológicos. Revista
Internacional de Lingüística iberoamericana 4 (2004), 89-103.